The War Beyond the Battlefield Through the Eyes of Robert Ross - Literature Essay Samples

Timothy Findley’s, The Wars, is an intriguing novel that outlines the physical and internal battles of individuals during World War I. This novel focuses on the troubled life, the main character, Robert Ross, leads as he tries to escape his guilt for the death of his beloved sister Rowena. Robert enlists in the army and experiences the physical, psychological, and emotional hardships of war which alter the way he views himself and the world. The title, The Wars, is a metaphor for all these struggles. Findley uses these factors to demonstrate the different forms of war and how they negatively affect a human being like Robert Ross. Through the character of Robert Ross, Findley highlights the plurality of war while reinforcing the idea that war is not only fought on the front lines. The title of the novel focuses on the physical battle that Robert and many of the soldiers face during their time at war. Throughout the novel, Robert experiences physical setbacks due to the weather conditions where he is stationed. These extremely cold and muddy conditions risk Robert’s life on many occasions. For example, Robert has his first near-death experience when he almost drowns in the dike. This event physically challenges Robert, forcing him to rely on his fellow soldier Poole in order to escape. Also, the gruesome environment of war negatively affects Robert and other soldiers since they are forced to live with the ongoing firing of weapons and the sight of thousands of dead soldiers decaying around them. â€Å"When they made their way back through the trench there was no one there alive. They had all been gassed or had frozen to death. Those who lay in the water were profiled in ice. Everything was green: their faces – and their fingers – and their buttons. And the snow† (Findley 131). Robert sees innocent men dying which destroys not only his morality, but creates a fear that paralyzes him from forming into his idea of a perfect soldier. Furthermore, the war’s atmosphere does not allow Robert to regain his strength and reconnect with his physical or emotional self. â€Å"Sleep was dangerous No matter what your mind said, your body didn’t listen. Part of you always stayed awake† (91). Robert cannot sleep in fear of an attack while his guard is down. This is one of his physical struggles since without sleep Robert’s body and mind cannot heal to prepare itself for the next day. Similarly, Robert battles with the change of his physical appearance due to the violence and emotional stress experienced during the war. â€Å"He could see himself now – pale in the aureole of the candlelight in the mirror. It was a shock. He seemed like a fugitive. His beard and the shadows round his sockets of his eyes made him look like an old, old man. He smiled. He’d thought he would stand and see himself like a god in the glass – and there he was: a scarecrow† (169). Robert sees the t ransformation of his body in response to the conditions of the war. Overall, the main character, Robert, battles with the physical stress created by the war. This struggle reinforces the significance of the title since it portrays the physical aspect of war. Throughout Robert’s life, he is faced with many obstacles that negatively affect his psychological development as a human being and soldier. These obstacles challenge Robert’s mindset since it forces him to go against his morality and kill. For example, Robert is obligated to kill a horse that has broken its leg. This responsibility psychologically affects Robert since he is forced to end the life of an animal to which he feels emotionally connected. As well, Robert also battles with his impulse decision to kill a soldier. â€Å"Robert sagged against the ground. It was even worse than that. Lying beside the German was a modified Mauser rifle of the kind used by snipers. He could have killed them all. Surely that had been his intention. But he’d relented The bird sang. One long note descending: three that wavered on the brink of sadness It sang and sang and sang, till Robert rose and walked away. The sound of it would haunt him to the day he died† (131). Ro bert kills an enemy soldier who allows him and his men to escape the crater. This choice weighs heavily on Robert’s mind since he now lives to regret this moment until the day he dies. Furthermore, Robert struggles with his sanity and the sanity of his fellow soldiers. There are instances where Robert has trouble understanding the reasons behind the orders he’s given. â€Å"He wanted to advise Captain Leather of the state Levitt was in he wanted to request another junior officer he wanted to say the forward positions were crazy he wanted to say that the guns would sink in the mud. But he didn’t say anything† (116). Robert struggles with obeying his commands because he believes the conditions of the war stripped his Captain of his sanity. This psychological battle leads Robert to his final act of rebellion, causing him too, to lose his sanity. Overall, Robert endures psychological hardships during his time at war which is represented in the significance of the title. â€Å"The title, The Wars seems to be referring not [only] to the actual physical combats that took place during the war but to the internal, psychological battles that took place in the minds of the soldiers who suffered the effects of violence and inhumanity during the war† (Quenneville). The title reinforces this idea and connects back to the meaning of The Wars. The significance of the novel’s title is illustrated through the emotional hardships Robert experiences in and out of the war. In the beginning of the novel, Robert battles with the guilt of his sister, Rowena’s, death. This guilt creates an emotional obstacle that Robert continues to face throughout his time on the battlefield. â€Å"Robert looked. There was a whole row of cages. Rowena. Robert closed his eyes† (85). In the war, whenever Robert sees caged animals, he is reminded of the pain he feels for his sister. Robert emotionally suffers for the rest of his life since he cannot forgive himself for being absent in the time of Rowena’s death. â€Å"Robert is never able to forget the fact that he broke his promise by not being there to catch her when she fell. This changed Robert’s whole perspective on life He no longer appeared to have feelings anymore but no one knew how much remorse he felt inside In a sense, a large part of Robert died that d ay along with his sister† (Berringer). Robert is unable to cope with the loss of Rowena. This fatality changes his life forever. Moreover, Robert struggles with the death of his best friend Harris. â€Å"Poole’s breathing was harsh and liquid. He’d probably caught a cold in the marshes. It reminded Robert of Harris – and that was the last thing he needed reminding of. All he wanted was a dream. Escape But he kept running into Taffler. Throwing stones. And Harris† (91). Robert cannot escape his feelings towards Harris. He battles with losing his beloved friendship since Harris is the only person that helps Robert to feel whole again. Furthermore, Robert battles with his idea of the perfect soldier when he sees the physical state of his war hero, Captain Taffler. â€Å"Poor Robert Ross. It wasn’t fair. I’d bungled it and should have been more forthright when he’d mentioned Captain Taffler first. The shock was terrible. I tried to imagine someone like Michael losing both his arms and no one telling me and me just barging in and finding him that way† (150). F or Robert, the heroic essence of Taffler is lost after Taffler loses both arms in the war. This incident emotionally scars Robert since Robert not only loses his role model but also questions what this means for his sense of self. The emotional struggle Robert faces throughout his life embodies the message of the title. â€Å"[Pluralizing wars] indicates that the novel is not only about the Great War, but also about internal battles that Robert Ross is fighting with himself as he struggles to adapt to a new way of life in the army and without his sister who he loved very much† (Quenneville). Robert’s struggle highlights the emotional aspect of war and reinforces the idea that one’s war is not only fought on the battlefield. Ultimately, it is through Robert Ross’ character in which Findley outlines the plurality of war while maintaining the belief that war is fought both physically and mentally. In the novel, Robert experiences physical hardships created by the conditions of the war. These hardships negatively affect his character by altering his physical appearance. As well, Robert battles with his psychological development. He struggles with his sanity when he is forced to kill on the battlefield. Furthermore, the emotional hardships that Robert faces force him to question his self-worth. Findley uses these physical and internal struggles as a way to describe the message of The Wars. Overall, the plurality of war in the title is expressed throughout Robert Ross’ life. With Robert, the reader understands the multiple struggles an individual faces throughout his or her life. The reader relates to the underlying message Findley portrays since the physical, psychological, and emotional hardsh ips people face are found throughout all aspects of life and not only in war.

Literature Review On Teen Pregnancy - 1344 Words

Introduction This Literature Review gives a deep insight of some of the available literature related to teen pregnancy, neighborhood effects on poverty, and socio-economic effects of teen pregnancies. Teen pregnancy has become a significant issue in society. A large number of teen pregnancy and school dropouts have been recorded in the past and get associated with poverty. To understand teen pregnancy and its association with poverty; this literature review is going to examine some of the academic journals that have covered this topic and try how teen pregnancy is affected by poverty and vice versa. The statistics from the journals shows that pregnancy rates are maximum among teens who come from low-income families and poverty-stricken†¦show more content†¦Teen parents frequently have lower earnings, besides societal troubles during their life. The study statistics showed that pregnancy rates were maximum among teens who came from families with single-parents since they probably had expe rienced poverty. In line with the first study is a study by Williams, Forbes, McIlwaine Rosenberg (1987) which proposed that statistically, teen mothers lead a life of poverty. Since they have a low degree of education, they get few opportunities regarding jobs, unlike other non-parenting teenagers. The study offers information on the safety of nimodipine in cerebral revival. The cure was well stood, and the outcomes recommend that nimodipine help more when used. Among the patients used were 283 teen mothers. The study presents info linking to teen mothers gathered as part of a comprehensive research of the preparation of prenatal care in Glasgow. Children of teen parents probably may have more problems and become teenage parents, therefore, continue the sequence of poverty that was started by teen pregnancy (Guivarch, Hallegatte, 2012). The teen parents mostly are undereducated; consequently, they are underemployed which means that they also get underpaid. The cycle gets endless if teen pregnancy never gets curbed. Premature teen reproduction has a risk of retarded emotional growth, stress to both the infant and teen mother and possiblyShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review On Teen Pregnancy1254 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage Pregnancy Introduction Teenage pregnancy in the U.S is a major issue given the number of teens between age 15 and 19 years giving birth. The average teen pregnancy rate in America is about 57 per 1000 teens in 2010 (Knox 1). This has decreased to about 47 per 1000 teens, but at the state level, some states such as Texas have higher averages. Currently, the state of Texas recorded a rate of 73 teenage pregnancies per 1000 females aged between 15 and 19 years (Sayegh et al. 95). The main causeRead MoreResults and Conclusions Hcs 4651359 Words   |  6 PagesResults and Conclusion of Research Process HCS 465 June 3, 2012 Results and Conclusion of Research Process The purpose of this paper is to further analyze the study done on trends in teen pregnancy rates from 1996-2006, a comparison of Canada, Sweden, United States, and England. The items of discussion include data collection methods, data analysis procedures, qualitative, quantitative data, and study findings. Results: Data Collection Methods The data collection methods used in thisRead MoreIntroduction: . In The Community Of The City Of Tempe,1360 Words   |  6 Pagesfor pregnant women are limited. Pregnancy is an amazing, high demand process that the human body goes through. During pregnancy the demands on a woman’s body are increased as the body’s nutrient needs are increased. With the higher health demands it is essential that health care clinics are available to help with progression of the pregnancy. Adolescents face higher demands from a pregnancy. During adolescence the body is still growing and maturing, adding a pregnancy only makes the demands on theRead MoreAdolescent Parenthood : An Issue Of Public Concern For Many Years1267 Words   |  6 Pageseducation, poverty, and family? Researchers conduct literature reviews and original research in an effort to find a resolution to decrease adolescent pregnancy/parenthood and methods to improve the quality of life for adolescent parents. Although thes e articles share many themes and patterns, often their reason for conducting the research, methods, conclusion, and belief regarding adolescent pregnancy and parenthood differ. A literature review regarding adolescent parenthood returned a very largeRead MoreAssessment of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Interventions648 Words   |  3 PagesAssessment of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Interventions How is the literature review used in this research study? 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Of the literature references that I’ve used and those of whichRead MoreEssay about Sample Research Proposal on Teenage Pregnancy1172 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Sample Research Proposal on Teenage Pregnancy    Introduction This research proposal implies on teenage pregnancy and its effect on academic progression. There will be association between teenage pregnancy and academic progression places evidence that education should put weight on reality adhering to teenage pregnancy. Understanding teenage pregnancy within UK context is adamant to the purpose of study. Thus, the expectation that teenage pregnancy will be reduced by proper academic programsRead MoreAdolescent Parenthood : An Issue Of Public Concern For Many Years1267 Words   |  6 Pageseducation, poverty, and family? Researchers conduct literature reviews and original research in an effort to find a resolution to decrease adolescent pregnancy/parenthood and methods to improve the quality of life for adolescent parents. Although these articles share many themes and patterns, often their reason for conducting the research, methods, conclusion, and belief regarding adolescent pregnancy and parenthood differ. A literature review regarding adolescent parenthood returned a very largeRead MoreHealth And Social Service Programs1235 Words   |  5 PagesBackground: Adolescent pregnancy, primarily occurring in ages 13-18 years, has a negative impact on the physical, psychological, educational, and economic area of the pregnant girls. Objective: To evaluate some health and social service programs that can reduce American adolescent Pregnancy from Ages 13- 18 and improve their quality of life. Methods: Review two research articles and to assess the overall quality of the data from the studies. Results: After the assessment of the two research articlesRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Public Perception1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this chapter is to provide a literature review of teen pregnancy and public perception. The chapter will begin by examining the decrease of teen pregnancy in America. It will transition to understanding the emotional effects on teen mothers and depict how a pregnant teen’s life could be altered. It will conclude by discussing how the topic of teen pregnancy has caused the President of the United States to take a closer look. This chapter will end with a summary of my research findings

Critical Analysis of Plato and Aristotle - 1634 Words

A TERM PAPER ON POL 311 (HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT) TOPIC A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLATO AND ARISTOTLES POLITICAL THOUGHT WRITTEN BY OKWOR, STEPHEN USHIE 09/ED/EF/814 DEPT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS (POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIT) FACULTY OF EDUCATION SUBMITTED TO DR. EJERE DEPT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF UYO, UYO AKWA IBOM STATE MAY, 2012 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLATO AND ARISTOTLES POLITICAL THOUGHT In order to compare these great philosophers, it is important that we first of all view their history from an individual perspective. PLATO (427 – 347BC) Greek philosopher, born into an aristocratic Athenian family in the year 427BC, he was expected to take up a political†¦show more content†¦Association of master and natural slave for the purpose of mutual preservation. To him, this association is the basis from which the family is formed, families then group to form villages and villages, in turn, group to form city-states. Aristotle viewed the basic elements of government as thus: 1. Deliberative (legislature) 2. Executive offices (executive) 3. Courts of law (judiciary) He also classified government into three 1. Monarchical Government - this is a government by one person or monarch. However, it degenerates into tyranny which is a bad type of government. 2. Aristocratic Government – the rule by few elites. Its success is depended on the people that rule. It however degenerates into oligarchy which is when men of property take over government. 3. Democratic Government – this i s the government for the poor and needy and not a government for common good. This to Aristotle is the best form of government but it can degenerate into demagogue and anarchy ANALYSIS ON THEIR VIEWS OF THE STATE: Plato attempts to create the blueprint for a perfect society. This blueprint was a sketch of a society in which the problems present in society would be eased. He sought to cure the afflictions of both society and human personality. Aristotle, unlike Plato is not concerned with perfecting society. He just wants to improve on the existing one. Rather than produce a blueprint for the perfect society, he suggested that theShow MoreRelatedPlato and Aristotle: An Analysis1175 Words   |  5 Pagesof Plato and Aristotle regarding the best political association. Quotes from Politics and the Republic are used to support the author’s thesis. Plato and Aristotle: An Analysis Determining the best form of political association was important to the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle, and each of them expressed his opinion in important works such as the Republic and Politics. In explaining, comparing, and contrasting the political philosophies of Plato and Aristotle, itRead MorePlato And Aristotle s View Of Civilian Expectations987 Words   |  4 Pagessince the original sin of Adam and Eve. Utilizing textual evidence stemming from the works of Plato and Aristotle, mainly Crito and Politics, this work will focus on the Platonic and Aristotelian aspects which entice individuals to oblige and conform to the rule of law, even in situations when these laws are detrimental to themselves, or their societies. Firstly, this composition will partake in an analysis of Platonic theory regarding the roles and obligations expected of individuals within a societyRead MoreCultural, Economical, Religious, And Political Contributions847 Words   |  4 Pa gesbelieved is best explored in conversation.†(Backman 122) Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are three of the most notable philosophers in history. Socrates made his most essential contribution to the development of western civilization through his method of inquiry. He is predominately celebrated for his contribution to the field of ethics. Plato s belief molded numerous ideas that despite everything, we still consider to be essential. Plato encouraged individuals to discover the answers to philosophicalRead MoreGreek Philosophers Bible On The Ancient World And English I2969 Words   |  12 Pages Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle s early lives affected their careers and Greek society, and their deaths and works of literature affected today s society. Socrates started out as a stone mason who eventually devoted most of his time to philosophy. Socrates works of literature reflect his world views and opinions. These opinions had a fatal consequence; he was persecuted for corrupting the youth of Athens. Socrates was Plato s teacher and instructor. Plato used his works of literatureRead MoreComparison Between Aristotle and Plato on Mimesis4881 Words   |  20 PagesiA comparison between Aristotle and Plato on mimesis 1. Introduction Mimesis, as a controversial concept starting from the 15th century, is among the oldest terms in literature and artistic theory, and is certainly among the most fundamental. Developing centuries, the concept of mimesis has been explored and reinterpreted by scholars in various academic fields. The word â€Å"Mimesis† developed from the root mimos, noun designating both a person who imitates and a specific genre of performance basedRead More Matthew Arnold versus Aristotles Poetics Essay examples3833 Words   |  16 PagesThe value of imitation: a vision of Aristotles Poetics Aristotle wrote his Poetics thousands of years before Matthew Arnolds birth. His reasons for composing it were different from Arnolds reasons for using it as an element of his own poetic criticism. We can safely say that Arnold was inclined to use the Poetics as an inspiration for his own poetry, and as a cultural weapon in the fight for artistic and social renewal. Aristotle, by contrast, was more concerned with discovering general truthsRead MoreThe Beliefs of Plato vs Aristotle Essay3789 Words   |  16 Pagessixty years old, Plato, then a youth of twenty, came to him as a pupil. When Plato was sixty years old, the seventeen-year-old Aristotle presented himself, joining the Teachers group of Friends, as the members of the Academy called themselves. Aristotle was a youth of gentle birth and breeding, his father occupying the position of physician to King Philip of Macedon. Possessed of a strong character, a penetrating intellect, apparent sincerity, but great personal ambition. Ar istotle was a studentRead MorePlato Vs Aristotle Vs Plato1814 Words   |  8 PagesPlato and Aristotle had a considerable amount of differences in ideology given that Aristotle was Plato’s student for roughly two decades. Plato, a student of Socrates, opposed the idea of average citizens to participate in politics because he believed that political practice was skill or â€Å"technÄ“ that can only be achieved by a few people. He believed that â€Å"kings must be those among them who have proved best both in philosophy and where war is concerned.† (Republic, 491) and that these â€Å"philosopherRead MoreThe Principles Of Aristotle, Bertrand Russell, And Immanuel Kant1555 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing true and false. Modern logic descends mainly from the ancient Greek tradition. All three philosophers; Aristotle, Bertrand Russell, and Immanuel Kant theorized the question of what is logic. The greatest and most influential of Platos students was Aristotle, but the works of Aristotle do reflect his teachings from Plato but unlike Plato, Aristotle was concrete and practical. Aristotle defined logic as â€Å"new and necessary reasoning†, â€Å"new† because it allows us to learn what we do not know, andRead MoreArgument Analysis Of Aristotles Happiness As An Essential Purpose Of Human Life1219 Words   |  5 PagesBrooke Thell Second Argument Analysis More than anybody else, Aristotle treasures happiness as an essential purpose of human life and a goal in itself. Aristotle was convinced that a sincerely happy life required the fulfillment of an extensive range of conditions, including physical and mental well-being. Essentially, Aristotle argues that virtue is achieved by maintaining the mean. For Aristotle the mean was a method of achieving virtue. What is the ultimate purpose of human existence? What is

Critical Thinking is a way to Solve Strategies for Good Problems

Question: How critical thinking is a way to solve strategies for good problems. Answer: In nursing, critical thinking is a way to solve strategies for good problems. This is a complicated, disciplined, and meaningful process with special features that make it different. It involves the needs of the patient and nurse has to understand this. This thinking makes the nurses to constantly evaluate, redirect, and improve the increased efficiencies. Critical thinking includes cognitive skills and mind habits. It also understands prioritization. This term is very important bin the field of nursing because it helps them to think beyond the memorizing studies and react to the practical situation (Chan 2013). Problem solving is defined as the mental activity in which the problems of the unsteady stage are identified. The role of the nurse is to gather the clarification of the problems and accordingly give solutions to it. The nurse has to evaluate all the solutions carefully and has to choose the best one for implementation. The nurse monitors the situation all the time to make sure that he initial and the final efforts reach to the client effectively. This does not mean that the nurse throws away other solution, but she keeps them in reserve if the first solution does not work out. In actual problem solving refers to the nurse's knowledge and body language that how she can solve the situations. The approaches for problem solving include intuition, trail, and error and the research procedures (Coben and Weeks 2014). Description: I am the head nurse for 54 beds in the unit of orthopedic of a general hospital. During the peak season there is often an overflow of the patients in the unit, and sometimes the set up has to be done in the hall and auditorium. Depending on the severity of the injuries of the patients like someone has got fractures in their tibia or femur bone or some having the muscle contraction they are to be allocated, and this decision is taken by the head nurse according to the nursing policies. This is the situation where the head nurse ha to tackle the situation by adopting problem solving method as where and how to allocate the patients so that all the patients get the equal care and attention. Being the head nurse, I had to make communications with the patients as well as the staff to solve the problems faced by the patients. Feelings: Being the head nurse, I had to give the best quality of the nursing facilities and care to keep in mind the situations of both the patients and staff team. I had to check through all the problems of the patients and the staff issues. I had to give the best of medications by stocking all the medicines in advance so that the patients do not have to bear the pain due the shortage of any types of medications or equipments. Evaluation: When such a situation arose where there were a huge number of patients and less of space staffs to look after them then I had to tackle the situation wisely. I had to observe the intervention results, which were given to them, and on the same side, I had to see the staffs behavior towards the patients also. The good thing about this situation was the caring of the more and more patients and nursing them, and the bad outcome of this situation was that many patients were from different background and created a ruckus if there was delayed in some medications or treatment. Analysis: I had to push myself through all the situations to have access to the patients to understand their problem. I had to check all the treatment and the medications provided to them. I had to check the patients record and if urgency had to report to the doctor team. Conclusion: If the situation demanded then I would arrange for more bed and space for the patients so that they do not have to face problems. Action plan: If such situations arose then I would keep all the medications and treatment ready before hand whatever is required and also would increase the staff team so that each patient is given the proper care and treated with special amenities. References: Chan, Z.C., 2013. A systematic review of critical thinking in nursing education.Nurse Education Today,33(3), pp.236-240. Coben, D. and Weeks, K., 2014. Meeting the mathematical demands of the safety-critical workplace: medication dosage calculation problem-solving for nursing.Educational Studies in Mathematics,86(2), pp.253-270.